sandpile

n.

（供儿童玩的）沙堆；

1. The size effect can be negative if the sandpile is large enough.
   边界的影响则会随着沙堆的变大而逐渐消失。

Sandpile on scale-free networks
On the Sandpile Group of Dual Graphs
Instabilities in a sandpile
A model for the dynamics of sandpile surfaces
Hysteresis and metastability in a continuum sandpile model.
Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation
Equivalence between the Abelian sandpile model and the q →0 limit of the Potts model
Renormalization scheme for self-organized criticality in sandpile models.
Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile
Y.C.Zhou, et al. Rolling friction in the dynamic simulation of sandpile formation.pdf