by

1. (表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边near
2. (表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候 not later than
3. (表示移动方向)从…中经过 passing through or along
4. (表示方式)搭乘,通过; 抓住…; 靠,采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着 through the use or means of
5. (表示原因)随…而来 as the result of
6. (表示方位)偏于 inclined to one side
7. (表示环境)借着…光亮 depend upon the light of
8. (表示关涉)经过 passing through
9. (表示程度)以…之差 with disparity of
10. (表示关系)对待treat
11. (表示依据)根据 in accordance with
12. (表示比率)以…幅度; 以…为单位; …比 …to the amount or degree of
13. (表示累加)(一个)接着 one by one
14. (表示动作者)被〔由〕; 由…创作〔演奏〕 show the name of the person who wrote a book, directed a film, made a work of art, etc.

1. 在近旁near
2. 经过,走过past
3. 保留 in reserve

• abide by遵守，履行
• adopt by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过
• brush by触到，擦及
• carry by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过
• catch sb by surprise使某人吃惊，使惊异，使感到意外
• characterize by以…为特征
• clap sb by the heels给某人上镣铐；把某人逮捕入狱
• come by（尤指通过努力）得到，获得；偶然得到
• deal by对待
• die by one's own hand自杀
• divide by除
• do by待，对待
• do by halves做…半途而废
• do right by sb公平地对待某人，给某人应有的评价
• drop by the wayside半途而废，中途退出
• escape by the skin of one's teeth死里逃生
• fall by the wayside半途而废，中途退出
• fall together by the ears扭打起来；争吵起来
• get by通过障碍
• get sb by the short hairs控制住某人，使某人就范
• get the wrong sow by the ear弄错了人（或事），得出错误结论
• go by从…经过
• go by default没有，缺乏；因疏忽（或未该做的事）而致丧失
• go by the board从外侧落出；被遗忘，被忽视；落空
• go by the book遵照规章行事
• go by the name of用…的名字
• go by the wayside被撇在一边，被搁置，被抛弃
• grab time by the forelock抓住时机
• hang by a hair千钧一发；岌岌可危；摇摇欲坠
• hang by a thread千钧一发，岌岌可危
• hang by the wall被搁置不用，被打入冷宫
• hang (on) by the eyelids千钧一发
• have a bear by the tail遇到难以应付（或控制）的事情
• have a tiger by the tail遇到劲敌；处境比预料的困难
• have a wolf by the ears处于危急境地
• have sb by the short hairs控制住某人，使某人就范
• hold by坚持；遵守；接受；赞成
• intoxicate sb by醉；陶醉于
• judge by按…判断，断定，认为
• know by sight与…只是面熟（并不熟识）
• lead sb by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走；完全控制某人
• lie by躺在…旁边
• live by one's wits靠耍花招（或耍小聪明）骗人过日子
• lay by放在…旁边
• lay sb by the heels把某人逮捕下狱；推翻某人；挫败某人
• live by以…为生计；遵守，遵循
• lose by因…遭受损失，因…而吃亏
• mean well by sb对某人怀有好意
• measure another's corn by one's own bushel以己度人
• measure another's (man's) foot by one's own last以己度人
• miss by a mile远远没有击中，完全离谱；遭到惨败，完全不成功
• oblige sb by为某人效劳，帮忙
• pass by经过，从…旁走过
• play it by ear根据情形行动，即时应付
• profit by得益
• pull up by the roots连根拔起
• push by赶上；超越
• repay...by以…酬报，回报
• replace...by以…替代〔置换〕
• seize time by the forelock抓住时机
• set by尊重，重视
• set by the ears使争吵
• set sb by the heels给某人上镣铐；把某人逮捕入狱
• sit by坐在…旁边
• sit by nelly跟别人学着做
• sth to remember sb by供别人记住某人的东西，别人赖以记住某人的东西；让某人记住某人厉害的一顿揍
• speak by the card说话精确
• stand by支持或帮助；信守（诺言等）
• stand by one's side站在某人的旁边，道义上支持某人
• stick by忠于，对…真心；坚持，维护（原则等）
• swear by极其信赖；凭…发誓，以…名义发誓
• take an occasion by the forelock抓住时机
• take an opportunity by the forelock抓住时机
• take by抓住（某物或某人的部位）
• take...by storm攻占，袭击；使倾倒，使神魂颠倒
• take by surprise使吃惊，使感到意外；奇袭，使措手不及
• take sb by the short hairs控制住某人，使某人就范
• take the bull by the horns大胆地对付困难（或危险）
• take time by the forelock抓住时机
• tell by根据…判断〔推断〕
• vote by acclamation通过口头表决方式通过
• what do you mean by...?你说（或做…）是什么意思？你怎么胆敢…？你凭什么竟敢…
• ？
• win by a short head（赛马时）仅以一个马头的距离获胜，以极小的差别获胜，险胜

• do the handsome〔decent〕 thing by宽厚地〔亲切地，慷慨地〕对待
• set one's eyes〔an eye〕 by喜爱，看重

• as if by magic立即，飞快地，快得（或好得）令人难以置信的
• by a canvas以毫厘之差
• by a hair's breadth（以）极少的数量或极短的距离；险些，间不容发地
• by a long way远远地，大大地
• by a neck（赛马中）以一颈之差（获胜或失利）
• by a nose以少许之差
• by a short head（赛马）以不到一个马头的距离；以极少的量
• by a street以悬殊（或差距），大幅度地
• by accident偶然，意外地
• by accident of凭机遇；靠命运
• by agency of由于…；通过…
• by air坐飞机
• by （all或long）odds大大（胜过），远远（超过）
• by all accounts据说；根据报道
• by all appearances显然；外表上
• by all manner of means用一切手段；好的；当然
• by all means用一切手段；好的；当然
• by an eyelash差点儿不，几乎不
• by analogy用类推的方法
• by any chance或许；可能
• by any means用任何可能的办法，不惜任何代价，无论如何
• by any manner of means用任何可能的办法，不惜任何代价，无论如何
• by any possibility以任何可能的方法
• by any stretch of the imagination尽管怎样想象，任凭如何异想天开
• by avocation副业是
• by auction拍卖
• by appointment约定
• by birth出身
• by blood按血统
• by chance偶然
• by choice如果必须选择的话；凭爱好
• by coincidence巧合
• by common consent经一致同意
• by comparison (with)与…比较起来；通过比较
• by contract承包
• by contraries与预期的相反；与逻辑相违背；相反地
• by contrast相比之下
• by course of按…的惯例
• by courtesy of承蒙许可；承蒙好意
• by crack哎呀，我的天哪
• by day白天
• by default因对方、他队等未出场
• by definition根据定义；实质上
• by degrees逐渐地
• by dint of借…的力量，凭借；由于
• by ear凭听觉
• by easy stages途中有停歇地，行行歇歇地，从容不迫地
• by fair means or foul用正当或不正当的手段，不择手段地
• by fits (and starts)一阵一阵地；间歇地
• by force用武力
• by force of凭借，由于；以…手段
• by good luck侥幸
• by goods用货车装运
• by guess凭猜测
• by guess and by God凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by guess and by Godfrey凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by guess and by gosh凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by guess and by golly凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by half到极大程度，大大地
• by halves部分地，不完善地；半心半意地，不太热心地
• by hand人工的；捎来的
• by heart熟记
• by heaven哎呀，天哪
• by hook or by crook用种种方法；不择手段地
• by ill luck不巧
• by implication含蓄地；暗示地
• by inches差一点儿
• by instinct凭本能
• by leaps and bounds极其迅速地
• by lease以租借方式
• by long chalk(s)远远地，大大地，在很大程度上
• by main strength以全力，靠全身力气
• by marriage通过姻亲关系
• by means of用…
• by mistake弄错
• by my faith我担保，千真万确
• by my troth我保证
• by name名为；名叫
• by nature天生
• by necessity of circumstances由于客观情况需要，为情势所迫
• by night在夜里，趁黑夜
• by no manner of means一点也不；决不
• by no means一点也不；决不
• not by a long chalk完全没有，一点也不
• not by a long shot远不，根本不
• not by a long sight远非；一点也不
• by number按数字，根据号码
• by numbers按数量上的优势
• by occasion of因为，由于
• by one's own admission自己所承认
• by one's own fair hand亲手，亲自
• by one's (own) bootstrap依靠自己的力量，自力更生地
• by one's (own) lights按照自己的能力
• by order of奉某人之命；按某人的命令
• by origin按出身
• by post邮寄
• by profession职业是
• by rail由铁路，用火车
• by reason of由于，因为
• by reason that因为，由于
• by reputation由名声
• by repute由名声
• by request (of)就（…的）要求（或请求）
• by retail零售
• by return由最近一班回程邮递
• by return of post由最近一班回程邮递
• by return of mail由最近一班回程邮递
• by right of因为，由于
• by rights按理说；基于正当或合法的权利
• by road由公路
• by rote凭记忆
• by rule按规则
• by rule and line精确地，精密地
• by sea由海路
• by sight仅识其面
• by some means or other用某种方法
• by the book严格按规则
• by the by顺便提一句
• by the bye顺便提一句
• by the day按日
• by the dozen按打；成打的（地）
• by the ears不和，在争吵中
• by (the) favour of烦请…面交
• by the grace of承蒙天恩
• by the gross大宗地，大量地；以批发方式
• by the hands of经由的…的手
• by the head船头吃水比船尾深的；微醉
• by the holy poke一定
• by the light of nature天生的；自然而然地
• by the job按每件工作
• by the look(s) of照…看来
• by the name of称作；叫做
• by the numbers按口令
• by the piece按件（或个等）计算
• by the same token同样地；同理
• by the sea在海边，在海滨
• by the seat of one's pants凭感觉，凭本能，凭经验
• by the side of在…旁边，在…附近
• by the skin of one's teeth仅；刚刚
• by the square精确地，确切地
• by the stern艉部吃水较深地，后倾地
• by the sweat of one's brow靠自己辛勤劳动
• by the sweat of one's face靠自己辛勤劳动
• by the way在路上,顺便问一下
• by the yard冗长地，没完没了地
• by thumb以免费搭车方式
• by trade职业是
• by trial and error反复试验，不断摸索
• by turns轮流
• by virtue of凭借
• by vocation职业是
• by water乘船，由水路
• by way of经由
• by weight按重量，根据重量
• by wholesale批发
• by wire用电报
• by word of mouth口头上
• by your leave请允许我；对不起
• not by any means决不
• not by any manner of means决不
• too...by half太…，过于…

• bit by bit一点一点地
• day by day一天一天地；逐日
• drop by drop点点滴滴地，一点一滴地
• inch by inch慢慢的；逐步地；一点一点地
• side by side肩并肩地，一起；等同于
• stage by stage逐步地，循序渐进地
• step by step逐步
• stone by stone一点一滴地
• year by year年复一年

• hard by在…近旁

• by far…得多；最…；显然
• by much大大地，到极大程度
• by now到现在

• little by little一点一滴地

• by itself自动地；孤单地
• by myself我独自地；我独立地
• by oneself单独；独自
• by ourselves我们独自地；我们独立地
• by yourself你单独地，独自地；你独立地，全靠你自己

• by ones and twos一次一两个，三三两两地
• by the hundred成百地，数以百计地，大批大批地
• by (the) hundreds成百地，数以百计地，大批大批地
• by the thousand成千地，数以千计地，大批大批地
• by (the) thousands成千地，数以千计地，大批大批地
• by twos and threes三三两两地

• one by one一个一个地
• two by two两个两个地

• call by顺便访问
• come by进来
• drop by顺便访问
• get by通过；还可以，勉强可接受；设法勉强生存
• go by经过
• put...by存（钱等）以备未来之需
• roll by（时间）流逝
• scrape by勉强及格，勉强度过去
• stand by袖手旁观；准备行动；在场，在附近
• stop by（顺便）过访，串门
• tick by(时间)流逝；（钟表）滴滴答答响

by oneself独自地，单独

by and large大体上，总的来说

by and by不久以后

1. The house by the lake is a restaurant.
   湖边的那座房子是家饭店。
2. He entered by the back door.
   他从后门进入。
3. The project was viewed favorably by the committee.
   那计划受到该委员会的好评。
4. He let himself down slowly by means of a rope.
   他用一条绳子滑下来。

1. He hurried by and disappeared in the wood.
   他匆匆走过去，消失在森林里。
2. I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round.
   我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。
3. He lives near by.
   他住在附近。