helplessness

n.

无可奈何状态，无能为力；无助的状态；

learned helplessness习得性无助；学习性无力感

1. It gave him a strange feeling of responsibility and helplessness.
   这使他产生了一种奇怪的责任感而又无可奈何。
2. She felt the flow of the tide of effort and interest--felt her own helplessness without quite realising the wisp on the tide that she was.
   她尽管并没完全意识到自己像浮在生活大潮上的一棵小草，却充分体会到自己的孤苦无依，无可奈何。
3. Tom signaled his helplessness to Mary by shrugging.
   汤姆耸人耸肩向玛丽青不无能为力。
4. FEW sensations of helplessness match that of driving a car that unexpectedly skids.
   开车过程中由于意外打滑而感到无能为力是很罕见的。

Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.
Helplessness: On depression, development, and death.
Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation.
Learned helplessness: A theory for the age of personal control.
Learned helplessness: A theory for the age of personal control.
Freewheel running prevents learned helplessness/behavioral depression: role of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons.
An analysis of learned helplessness: Continuous changes in performance, strategy, and achievement cognitions following failure.
The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness.
Impairment of the spatial learning and memory induced by learned helplessness and chronic mild stress
Stressor controllability and learned helplessness: The roles of the dorsal raphe nucleus, serotonin, and corticotropin-releasing fac...