painful

adj.

痛苦的；（肉体）疼的；费力的，（工作）困难的；讨厌的，使人厌烦的

painful lessons惨痛的教训

1. It was painful for him to renounce his son.
   宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。
2. His wife's death left a painful void in his life.
   他妻子的死给他的人生留下了痛苦的空虚感。
3. The sting of a jellyfish is very painful.
   让水母刺着是很痛的。
4. The operation was very painful.
   手术很痛。
5. He gained the medal through his painful travail.
   他通过艰辛的努力获得了奖牌。
6. It was painful to admit that I was wrong.
   要我承认错了，是很费力的。

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Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis.
Gabapentin for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Initial outcome and efficacy of "kyphoplasty"in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyure...
New technologies in spine: kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty for the treatment of painful osteoporotic compression fractures
Initial outcome and efficacy of "kyphoplasty"in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
Regional cerebral activation in irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects with painful and nonpainful rectal distention ☆
A combined intravesical therapy with hyaluronic acid and chondroitin for refractory painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis