backwardness

n.

（无比较级）向后；相反；倒；回顾

1. The backwardness of China must be changed.
   中国的落后状态必须改变。
2. The long-term interests of the whole nation hinge on these reforms, without which we cannot overcome the present backwardness of our production technology and management.
   进行这些改革，是全国人民的长远利益所在，否则，我们不能摆脱目前生产技术和生产管理的落后状态。

Backwardness of human neuroanatomy
Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth by Henry Leibenstein
Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth by Harvey Leibenstein
A Study in Agricultural Backwardness Under Semi-Feudalism
Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth. Studies in the Theory of Economic Development
Relative Backwardness, Direct Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer: A Simple Dynamic Model
Relative Backwardness, Direct Foreign Investment, and the Transfer of Technology: A Simple Dynamic Model
Book Reviews: Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth. Studies in the Theory of Economic Development
Difficulties in auditory organisation as a possible cause of reading backwardness.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF 9-YEAR-OLD BOYS WITH GENERAL READING BACKWARDNESS OR SPECIFIC READING RETARDATION