dysphonia

n.

发声困难；

1. If using your voice is difficult, then you know what dysphonia is.
   如果你发声困难，你就会明白什么是发音障碍了。
2. The authors concluded that most causes of pediatric dysphonia result from diseases that have a high potential for inflammatory reactions originating from a variety of mechanisms.
   作者认为，小儿发声困难的主要原因，是由于一些疾病极可能通过多种机制引起炎症反应。
3. The gender difference of autism lies in behavior disorder, dysphonia and intellectual characteristics.
   自闭症患者在行为障碍，言语障碍和智力特征上的性别差异较为显著。

Spastic dysphonia, Meige disease, and torsion dystonia.
Perceptual evaluation of dysphonia: reliability and relevance.
Suitability of dysphonia measurements for telemonitoring of Parkinson's disease
The dysphonia severity index: an objective measure of vocal quality based on a multiparameter approach.
Dysphonia and delayed food allergy: A provocation/neutralization study with strobovideolaryngoscopy ☆ ☆☆
Central auditory evaluation of patients with spasmodic dysphonia
TBME-00342-2008 1 Suitability of dysphonia measurements for telemonitoring of Parkinson‟s disease
Botulinum toxin management of spasmodic dysphonia (laryngeal dystonia): a 12-year experience in more than 900 patients.
Botulinum toxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm.
Localized injections of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal laryngeal dystonia (spastic dysphonia)