free-standing

adj.

自立的，不需依靠支撑物的；

InGaN/GaN/AlGaN-based laser diodes grown on free-standing GaN substrates
Self-organized, free-standing TiO2 nanotube membrane for flow-through photocatalytic applications.
Free-standing and oriented mesoporous silica films grown at the air–water interface
Quasi-free-standing epitaxial graphene on SiC obtained by hydrogen intercalation
Tensile testing of free-standing Cu, Ag and Al thin films and Ag/Cu multilayers
Free-standing and overgrown InGaAs/GaAs nanotubes, nanohelices and their arrays
Process for producing a free-standing III-N layer, and free-standing III-N substrate
Mounting of crystals for macromolecular crystallography in a free-standing thin film
Zinc-blende nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate, method for fabricating same, and light-emitting device employing same
Microstructure and optical properties of free-standing porous silicon films: Size dependence of absorption spectra in Si nanometer-s...