论述形而上学唯物主义的局限性。
怎样认识经济文化落后的国家建设社会主义的艰巨性和长期性？
简述社会主义首先在经济文化相对落后的国家取得胜利的原因。
总结中国改革开放的实践经验，我们可以得到哪些启示？
简述社会主义从一国到多国发展的历史贡献。
简述社会主义从一国到多国发展的经验教训。
题目
物质世界的客观存在
形而上学唯物主义有四个明显的局限性：
（1）机械性，它把一切运动都归结为机械运动，企图用力学原理解释一切现象，甚至把人和动物都看成受力学规律支配的机器，因此形而上学唯物主义也称机械唯物主义；
（2）形而上学性，它把一切事物都看做是彼此孤立的、在本质上是不发展变化的；
（3）直观性，它对待世界、认识，都缺乏实践的观点；
（4）不彻底性，它只在自然观上坚持唯物主义，在历史观上则陷入唯心主义，把精神看成是社会发展的决定力量。
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- 材料全屏 Singapore【*】Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island—the Singapore island—and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq kmLow-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃. The average annual rainfall is 2.413 mm. the wettest months are November through January.Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament, but by 1991 constitutional amendment（修正案）, the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected.【*】In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college.【*】Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $23.7 billion, or $8, 870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.1【单选】Paragraph 1（）AEducationBLand and ClimateCState SystemDGeneral IntroductionEEconomyFPopulation
- Paragraph 2（）AEducationBLand and ClimateCState SystemDGeneral IntroductionEEconomyFPopulation
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- Researchers did another survey after the Gallop poll.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
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