最早通过立法规定实行秘密投票的国家是
美国最早出现的独立管制机构是
被称为“法官法“的法律的国家是
法国的第三审级法院是
法国行使违宪审查权的机构是
美国联邦法院体系不包括
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自由投票原则
1856年11月，澳大利亚新南威尔士第一届议会通过的宪法规定实行秘密投票，这种投票法采用政府所印刷的选票，纸上载有全部候选人的姓名，投票人单独进入投票的密室内，只需在选票上对有关候选人的姓名作一记号而不留下任何笔迹，然后将选票投入票箱。这种投票方式使选民意志的自由表达有了制度保证，使选举目的较好地得以实现，从而被各国所效仿。由于秘密选票首创于澳大利亚，因此也被称为“澳大利亚选票”。
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