题目

 Match the type of investor to the attitude to risk:

Risk averse              (i) Minimax regret                          (ii) Relevant costing  

                                    (iii) Perfect information                (iv) Maximin  

                                    (v) Maximax                                    (iv) Expected values 

Risk seeker              (i) Minimax regret                         (ii) Relevant costing 

                                    (iii) Perfect information                (iv) Maximin 

                                    (v) Maximax                                    (iv) Expected values 

Risk neutral              (i) Minimax regret                          (ii) Relevant costing  

                                    (iii) Perfect information                (iv) Maximin 

                                    (v) Maximax                                    (iv) Expected values 

Chapter7Riskanduncertainty

The correct answers are: 

Attitude to risk                          Decision making method adopted 

Risk averse                              Maximin 

Risk seeker                              Maximax 

Risk neutral                              Expected values 

Maximax decisions are taken by risk-seeking decision makers, also known as optimists, as they aim to maximise the maximum return available. 

Maximin decision are taken by risk-averse decision-makers, also known as pessimists, as they aim to maximise the minimum return available.

A decision maker who bases these decisions on expected values is concerned with the most likely outcome and therefore ignores the variability of the returns. This is known as a risk-neutral approach to decision making. 

多做几道

What objectives might the following not for profit organisations have? 

(a) An army                                                (d) A political party 

(b) A local council                                     (e) A college 

(c) A charity 

One of the objectives of a local government body could be 'to provide adequate street lighting throughout the area'. 

(a) How could the 'adequacy' of street lighting be measured? 

(b) Assume that other objectives are to improve road safety in the area and to reduce crime. How much does 'adequate' street lighting contribute to each of these aims? 

(c) What is an excessive amount of money to pay for adequately lit streets, improved road safety and reduced crime? How much is too little? 

What general objectives of non profit seeking organisations are being described in each of the following? 

(a) Maximising what is offered 

(b) Satisfying the wants of staff and volunteers 

(c) Equivalent to profit maximisation 

(d) Matching capacity available 

A division with capital employed of $400,000 currently earns an ROI of 22%. It can make an additional investment of $50,000 for a five year life with nil residual value. The average net profit from this investment would be $12,000 after depreciation. The division's cost of capital is 14%. 

What are the residual incomes before and after the investment? 

The transfer pricing system operated by a divisional company has the potential to make a significant contribution towards the achievement of corporate financial objectives. 

Required 

Explain the potential benefits of operating a transfer pricing system within a divisionalised company. 

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