题目
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29

【论述题】

 Calculate price and usage variances for each material. 

考点:Chapter11Varianceanalysis

 Price variance – Material A 

Take the actual quantity of materials purchased/used and compare the actual prices paid for the materials with their standard price.  

                                                                                                          $ 

7,800 kg should have cost (× $20)                                     156,000  

           but did cost                                                                   159,900 

Price variance (actual cost exceeds standard cost)            3,900 (A) 

Usage variance – Material A  

Take the actual quantity of units produced and compare the actual quantity of materials used in their production with the standard quantity that should have been used. The variance is converted into a monetary value at the standard price per unit of material. 

800 units should have used (× 10 kg)                                      8,000 kg  

         but did use                                                                             7,800 kg 

Usage variance in kg (actual usage less than standard)         200 (F) 

× standard cost per kilogram                                                      × $20 

Usage variance in $                                                                     $4,000 (F)  

Price variance – Material B  

                                                                                                                 $ 

4,300 litres should have cost (× $6)                                             25,800  

           but did cost                                                                             23,650 

Price variance                                                                                      2,150 (F) 

Usage variance – Material B  

                                                                                                               $ 

800 units should have used (× 5 l)                                           4,000 l  

         but did use                                                                            4,300 l 

Usage variance in litres                                                                  300 (A) 

× standard cost per litre                                                                 × $6 

Usage variance in $                                                                    $1,800 (A) 

多做几道

 A public health clinic is the subject of a scheme to measure its efficiency and effectiveness. Among a number of factors, the 'quality of care provided' has been included as an aspect of the clinic's service to be measured. Three features of 'quality of care provided' have been listed. 

(1) Clinic's adherence to appointment times 

(2) Patients' ability to contact the clinic and make appointments without difficulty 

(3) The provision of a comprehensive patient health monitoring programme 

Required

 (i) Suggest a set of quantitative measures which can be used to identify the effective level of achievement of each of the features listed.

(ii) Indicate how these measures could be combined into a single 'quality of care' measure. 

材料全屏
18

【论述题】

The absence of the profit measure in non profit seeking organisations causes problems for the measurement of their efficiency and effectiveness. 

Required 

(i) Explain why the absence of the profit measure should be a cause of the problems referred to.

(ii) Explain how these problems extend to activities within business entities which have a profit motive. Support your answer with examples. 

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24

【论述题】

Compare and contrast the use of residual income and return on investment in divisionalperformance measurement, stating the advantages and disadvantages of each. 

 Division Y of Chardonnay currently has capital employed of $100,000 and earns an annual profit after depreciation of $18,000. The divisional manager is considering an investment of $10,000 in an asset which will have a ten-year life with no residual value and will earn a constant annual profit after depreciation of $1,600. The cost of capital is 15%. 

Calculate the following and comment on the results. 

(i) The return on divisional investment before and after the new investment 

(ii) The divisional residual income before and after the new investment 

 Explain the potential benefits of operating a transfer pricing system within a divisionalised company. 

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