下列选项中,不属于行政系统内部阻力的是
下列选项中,不属于行政系统内部阻力的是
对政府在整个社会系统中所扮演的角色进行重新定位属于行政发展的
改革开放以来,我国的行政改革始终坚持
行政发展模式中,( )的发展经历了一个从传统公共行政向新公共管理的变化,其主要特征是公共管理方式的根本性变革。
行政发展模式中,( )的行政发展主要发生在行政文化崇尚科层制传统的国家,其特点是不打乱各个行政机构的运作,而只是对行政机构实行更严格的管理监控,在行政发展的步骤上,崇尚非连续性的渐进主义。
题目
行政发展的阻力分析
行政发展的阻力分析
（一）行政发展外部阻力
1、市场经济发育不完善。
2、政治制度和经济制度改革的不配套。
（二）外政发展内部阻力
1、来自行政制度惯性的阻力。
2、来自公务员的阻力。
3、来自行政文化的制约。
多做几道
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- 材料全屏 Singapore【*】Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consisting of one major island—the Singapore island—and more than 50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Malay. The city of Singapore, the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island; it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of Southeast Asia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq kmLow-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.20℃. The average annual rainfall is 2.413 mm. the wettest months are November through January.Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959. A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and a prime minister is head of government. The president used to be selected by Parliament, but by 1991 constitutional amendment（修正案）, the president is now elected directly by the people. The Parliament is the law-making body with its 81 members popularly elected.【*】In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300 pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutions of higher education are the National University of Singapore, several technical colleges, and a teachers college.【*】Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any country in Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product was estimated at $23.7 billion, or $8, 870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on the port of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry has grown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, and processed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.1【单选】Paragraph 1（）AEducationBLand and ClimateCState SystemDGeneral IntroductionEEconomyFPopulation
- Paragraph 2（）AEducationBLand and ClimateCState SystemDGeneral IntroductionEEconomyFPopulation
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- Researchers did another survey after the Gallop poll.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
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