题目

 A manufacturing company which produces a range of products has developed a budget for the life-cycle of a new product, P. The information in the following table relates exclusively to product P:  

                                                                                         Lifetime total                                Per unit 

Design costs                                                                   $800,000 

Direct manufacturing costs                                                                                                   $20 

Depreciation costs                                                         $500,000

 Decommissioning costs                                                $20,000 

Machine hours                                                                                                                           4 

Production and sales units                                             300,000

 The company’s total fixed production overheads are budgeted to be $72 million each year and total machine hours are budgeted to be 96 million hours. The company absorbs overheads on a machine hour basis. 

What is the budgeted life-cycle cost per unit for product P? 

A

 $24.40 

B

 $25.73 

C

 $27.40 

D

 $22.73 

Chapter2cLifecyclecosting

OAR for fixed production overheads ($72 million/96 million hours) = $0.75 per hour 

Total manufacturing costs (300,000 units × $20) = $6,000,000 

Total design, depreciation and decommissioning costs = $1,320,000 

Total fixed production overheads (300,000 units × 4 hours × $0.75) = $900,000  

Total life-cycle costs = $8,220,000 and life-cycle cost per unit ($8,220,000/300,000 units) = $27.40 

多做几道

 A government is trying to assess schools by using a range of financial and non-financial factors. One of the chosen methods is the percentage of students passing five exams or more. 

Which of the three Es in the value for money framework is being measured here? 

A

 Economy 

B

 Efficiency 

C

 Effectiveness 

D

 Expertise 

The following statements have been made about measuring performance in not-for-profit organisations: 

(1) Output does not usually have a market value, and it is therefore more difficult to measure effectiveness. 

(2) Control over the performance can only be satisfactorily achieved by assessments of ‘value for money’. 

Which of the above statements is/are true? 

A

 (1) only 

B

 (2) only 

C

 Neither (1) nor (2) 

D

 Both (1) and (2) 

The senior manager is suspicious of a local manager’s accounts and thinks that the profit performance may have been overstated.    

Which of the following would be a plausible explanation of an overstatement of profit? 

A

 Delaying payments to payables 

B

 Shortening the useful economic life of a non-current asset 

C

Overstatement of a prepayment 

D

Overstatement of an accrual 

Which of the following statements regarding standard setting is correct? 

A

 Imposed standards are more likely to be achieved 

B

Managers across the organisation should be targeted using the same standards 

C

Standards should be set at an ideal level with no built in stretch 

D

 Participation in standard setting is more motivating than where standards are imposed 

When setting performance measurement targets it should be considered that there is the possibility that managers will take a short term view of the company and may even be tempted to manipulate results in order to achieve their targets.   

Which of the following would assist in overcoming the problems of short-termism and manipulation of results? 

A

 Rewards should be linked to a wider variety of performance measures including some nonfinancial measures 

B

 Managers should only be rewarded for the results achieved in their own departments 

C

 Any capital investment decision should be judged using the payback method of investment appraisal 

D

 Setting targets involving the overall performance of the company will be more motivating for managers 

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