简述语素义和词义之间的关系。
简述语言和民族文化的相互作用。
语言内部的词义形成从哪些方面受到民族文化的影响？
简述语素义和词义之间的关系。
为什么说在论元结构中谓词是处于支配地位的核心成分?
举例说明音位和音素的区别。
题目
2.1词义的构成要素
词义即词语的意义。语素义指存在于语素所构成的词或固定结构中的语素的意义。
(1)对于单纯词来讲,词义就等于语素义。因为单纯词是由一个语素构成的,那么这个语素的意义也就是词的意义。
(2)对于合成词来讲,因为合成词是由两个或两个以上的语素构成的,这就涉及组合成词的语素之间的关系。这大致有以下两种情况:①词义差不多就是语素义的简单相加。比如“美丽”由语素“美”和语素“丽”组成,组合而成的词“美丽”同样也是二者意思的相加。②词义并不能从其构成适素的意义推而来,比如“忘记”一词中语素“记”的意义脱落,在整个词义中已经没有作用了。
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- 材料全屏Running: Sport or Way of Life?You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on somerunning shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But dont be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy. Itrequires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you do’nt know much about it? most schools offer running programs. A simple Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offor competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies.Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be If you go to a race, you'll see people cheering forall the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are running or how far you're going it's about getting out there and doing it. Participationis more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent If you're looking for more than just a sport,running may be the perfect choice for you.1【单选题】You can find running programs onlineATrueBFalseCNot Given
- You should go for a run everydayATrueBFalseCNot Given
- Immigration and Problems【*】Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be __1__ as citizens rather than criminals. Senator John McCain held the opinion that the country should open a __2__to citizenship to immigrants(移民) who were already in the country illegally, while other politicians__3__ for stricter measures---including rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries.【*】Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors __4__. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. __5__ all this growth means that cities need to adapt. New comers don’t always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring(辅导)programs to help new __6__ find proper jobs.【*】With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands, the Spanish Government has decided to get __7__. There will be no more mass amnesties(特赦)for the illegal immigrants, and anyone coming to Spain without __8__ will be sent back.【*】France's new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes __9__ in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted"skills and talents"visas(签证). But some people show the concern that it’ll cause brain drain in 40 countries.A. immigrants B. HoweverC developing D.pathE. open F. toughG. effect H. ThereforeI developed J. permissionK. treated L.called
- Testing: Is it the only way to Evaluate Students?【*】About ten percent of __1__ (spend)on primary and secondary education in the United States comes from the federal government. For ten years now, federal law has tied this cost to student __2__ (perform). States have been required to show progress through __3__ (year) testing.【*】States saying testing tells only part of the story about efforts by school and students to improve. So the Obama administration has eased the limits on states in __4__ (measure) performance.【*】The western state of Colorado for example, has a new __5__ (assess) method. The idea is to show __6__ (academy) growth, not just achievement on tests. It combines test scores, family income levels, school size, the ethnicity of the student and many other factors.【*】Josh Smith is principal of a middle school in a network of public charter schools __7__ (call). West Denver Prep Charter schools are publicly funded but not operated the same as __8__ (tradition) public schools. Mr. Smith says he likes to show his students this graph so they can see their school’s progress. On average, students enter sixth grade at West Denver Prep __9__ (perform) below grade level. __10__ (strange) enough, most are outperforming other students across the state three years later.
- 材料全屏 Saving Money【*】Where you save your money often depends on what you are saving for. If you are saving to buy a dictionary or to go to a concert, then you probably keep your money __1__ in your room【*】If you are __2__ for a big purchase like a mountain bike or a school trip, where would you save your money?【*】One place to save money is the bank. Putting your money in a savings account will help yourmonev__3__ more money. If you put your money in a piggy bank(猪形储蓄罐), one year later you'll still have the __4__ amount of money you put in. If you put your money in a savings account, one year later, you'll have more money than you put in. Why?【*】When you keep your money in a __5__, your money earns interest. __6__ is the amount of a bank pays you to use your money. The bank uses your money (and the money of other people) to loan money to people and businesses.【*】Another way you can save money is to buy a certificate of deposit or CD. If you have some money that you don't need to use for a __7__ time, this is a good way to make your money __8__.【*】Since the bank is using your money for that time period, it will __9__ you interest. You will earn more interest with a CD than in a savings account. Can you guess why? It's because you promise to leave your money in the bank for a certain period of time. Banks pay __10__ rates of interest.1【简答题】A. long B. same C. bankD. earn E. pay F. growG. inside H. different I. interestJ. somewhere K. saving L raise
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- Researchers did another survey after the Gallop poll.（）ARightBWrongCNot mentioned
- 材料全屏 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England【*】A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.【*】It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,"said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude(震级)quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.【*】Witnesses said cracks appeared in and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.【*】I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me,"said Hendrick Van Eck, 27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London."I then heard the sound of cracking and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4. 8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.【*】The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter(里氏)scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.1【单选】During the April 28 earthquake, whole England was left without power.（）ATrueBFalseC Not Given
- The 4. 3-magnitude quake struck at 8: 19 p. m. in England and was centered under the English Channel.（）ATrueBFalseCNot Given
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