《经济学原理》重要术语词汇表

median impossibility paradox screening signaling adverse principal agent moral hazard good inferior perfect substitution indifference constraint negative criterion liberalism utility utilitarianism transfer life cycle wage strike union human capital compensate differential factor function capital competition strategy dominant dilemma game theory cartel collusion monopolistic oligopoly discrimination monopolist monopoly marginal sunk cost average efficient variable diminish accounting implicit explicit profit progressive regressive proportional horizontal vertical lump-sum tragedy free rider public private rivalry transaction theorem internalize quota tariff deadweight loss welfare cost floor ceiling incidence revenue elasticity quantity surplus shortage equilibrium complement substitute demand market absolute advantage comparative advantage export import frontier positive normative diagram macroeconomics Microeconomics business cycle equity inflation productivity market power externality property rights market economy incentive rational opportunity cost equality efficiency economics scarcity