遗传学 Genetics词汇表

ratio drift theory allozyme evolution driven male deleterious beneficial neutral copy non synonymous population synthesis evolutionary modern equilibrium saltation gradualism ancestor gastrulation cellular blastoderm segmentation paracrine signaling double interaction antibody hybridization situ system expression null gain function loss regulative determination developmental association haplotype chromosomal vertical pattern horizontal candidate disease monogenic imprinting transcript specific center inactivation compensation dosage Lyon body variegation effect position epigenetic box mrna primary capping complex dicer alternative quencher dimerization hormone steroid domain binding DNA mature cap protein catabolite structural operator promoter operon regulatory corepressor inducer effector activator repression trans acting CIS negative control regulation positive cotransduction specialized restricted generalized induction temperate phage virulent lysogenic cycle lytic partial high episome sex fertility transductant transformant cell competent competence artificial sexduction conjugation resistance fission plating replica stationary growth exponential phase lag auxotroph prototroph medium minimal colony prokaryote factor modification descent selection natural phylogenetic whole superfamily pseudogene divergence anemia hemoglobin family desert region rich block bridge next base method transcription library genomic molecular enzyme automated deoxyribose phosphate nitrogenous primer plasmid polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel sticky blunt restriction paradox shotgun hierachical genome sequence physical genomics animal transgenic clonal repressor enhancer screen insertion forward mutagenesis amphidiploid euploidy haploidy octoploid hexaploid pentaploid tetraploid triploid polyploid monoploid euploid aneuploid ploidy isochromosome fusion centric dispersed tandem unequal pseudo interstitial intercalary terminal translocation inversion repeat duplication deficiency deletion aberration telomere centromere chromatin chemotherapy transformation heterozygosity predisposition receptor transducer transduction signal proto suppressor oncogene metastasis lymphoma leukemia sarcoma carcinoma malignant benign cancer tumor maternal heteroplastic homoplastic anticipation morphological neomorphic