【论述题】
Calculate the total labour rate and total labour efficiency variances for November, based on the standard cost provided above.
Analyse the total labour rate and total labour efficiency variances into component parts for planning and operational variances in as much detail as the information allows.
Assess the performance of the production manager for the month of November.
【论述题】
Calculate the revised standard costs.
Using the information provided demonstrate how the planning and operational variances in the operating statement have been calculated.
Explain the significance of separating variances into planning and operational elements and the problems which could arise.
What three factors are said to determine the effectiveness of participation in target setting?
A budget for motivational purposes, with fairly difficult targets of performance, is an aspirations budget.
In which of the following circumstances are participative budgets likely to be effective?
(1) In very large organisations
(2) During periods of economic affluence
(3) When an organisation's different units act autonomously
(4) In newly-formed organisations
Participation by staff in the budgeting process is often seen as an aid to the creation of a realistic budget and to the motivation of staff. There are, however, limitations to the effectiveness of such participation.
Which of the following illustrates one of these limitations?