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 A person who is held out by a company as a director and performs the duties of a director without actually being validly appointed is a: 

A

 Shadow director 

B

 De facto director 

C

 Non-executive director 

D

 Executive director 

A public company must have two directors, a private company only needs one. 

A

True 

B

False

 A manufacturing company which produces a range of products has developed a budget for the life-cycle of a new product, P. The information in the following table relates exclusively to product P:  

                                                                                         Lifetime total                                Per unit 

Design costs                                                                   $800,000 

Direct manufacturing costs                                                                                                   $20 

Depreciation costs                                                         $500,000

 Decommissioning costs                                                $20,000 

Machine hours                                                                                                                           4 

Production and sales units                                             300,000

 The company’s total fixed production overheads are budgeted to be $72 million each year and total machine hours are budgeted to be 96 million hours. The company absorbs overheads on a machine hour basis. 

What is the budgeted life-cycle cost per unit for product P? 

A

 $24.40 

B

 $25.73 

C

 $27.40 

D

 $22.73 

A company has produced the following information for a product it is about to launch: 

Units                                                                                        2,000                     5,000                  7,000 

Variable production cost per unit                                       $2.30                     $1.80                   $1.20

 Fixed production costs                                                     $3,000                   $3,500                $4,000

 Variable selling cost per unit                                            $0.50                       $0.40                $0.40 

Fixed selling costs                                                             $1,500                    $1,600               $1,600

 Administrative costs                                                            $700                        $700                  $700 

What is the life-cycle cost per unit?    

A

 $2.81 

B

 $2.32 

C

 $3.22 

D

 $3.07 

Which ONE of the following would serve to increase the Throughput Accounting Ratio? 

A

 An increase in the speed of the fastest machine in the production process 

B

 An unexpected increase in the factory rent 

C

 A 5% wage increase linked to an 8% improvement in productivity 

D

 A 10% sales discount to stimulate demand by 20% 

A manufacturing company decides which of three mutually exclusive products to make in its factory on the basis of maximising the company’s throughput accounting ratio. 

Current data for the three products is shown in the following table:  

                                                                                           Product X                        Product Y                   Product Z 

Selling price per unit                                                           $60                                  $40                              $20 

Direct material cost per unit                                              $40                                   $10                              $16 

Machine hours per unit                                                       10                                      20                                2.5 

Total factory costs (excluding direct materials) are $150,000. The company cannot make enough of any of the products to satisfy external demand entirely as machine hours are restricted. 

Which of the following actions would improve the company’s existing throughput accounting ratio? 

A

 Increase the selling price of product Z by 10% 

B

 Increase the selling price of product Y by 10% 

C

Reduce the material cost of product Z by 5% 

D

 Reduce the material cost of product Y by 5% 

Which of the following is a statement by a judge that is the basis for their decision and is what becomes binding on future judges? 

A

 Obiter dicta 

B

Per incuriam 

C

 Ratio decidendi

Which of the following types of court decision occurs when a court higher in the hierarchy overturns the verdict of a lower court in the same case? 

A

 Reversing 

B

 Overruling 

C

 Distinguishing 

According to IAS 38 Intangible assets, which of the following statements about research anddevelopment expenditure are

correct?

1 Research expenditure, other than capital expenditure on research facilities, should be recognised as an expense as

incurred.

2 In deciding whether development expenditure qualifies to be recognised as an asset, it is necessary to consider whether

there will be adequate finance available to complete the project.

3 Development expenditure recognised as an asset must be amortised over a period not exceeding five years.

A

1, 2 and 3

B

1 and 2 only

C

1 and 3 only

D

2 and 3 only

Which one of the following statements about traditional (unlimited) partnerships is incorrect? 

A

 In England a partnership has no existence distinct from the partners. 

B

 A partnership must have a written partnership agreement. 

C

A partnership is subject to the Partnership Act. 

D

 Each partner is an agent of the firm.