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                                                                                    Piano

【*】For a century and a half the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self-sufficient, us it is able to play the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of the nineteenth century.
【*】The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries--the spinet(小型立式钢琴), the dulcimer(洋琴), and the virginal(小键琴) In the seventeenth century the organ(管风琴), the clavichord(古钢琴), and the harpsichord(大键琴) became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was metallic and powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for intimate chamber music. The harpsichord with its bright, vigorous tone was the favorite instrument for supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the period and for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.
【*】The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument) This instrument was called a piano e forte ( soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.
11

【单选】

What does the passage mainly discuss?（）

A

The historical development of the piano

B

The quality of tone produced by various keyboard instruments

C

The uses of keyboard instruments in various types of compositions

D

The popularity of the piano with composers

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Which of the following instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century?（）

A

The harpsichord

B

The spinet

C

The clavichord

D

The organ

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The word"supplanted"in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to（）

A

supported

B

 promoted

C

replace

D

dominated

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According to the passage, what deficiency did the harpsichord have?（）

A

 It was fragile

B

 It lacked variety in tone

C

 It sounded metallic

D

 It could not produce a strong sound

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According to the information in the third paragraph, which of the following improvements made it possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano?（）

A

The introduction of pedals

B

The use of heavy wires

C

The use of felt-padded hammerheads

D

The metal frame construction

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假如你是Jery,你的好朋友John考上了耶鲁大学,请根据以下内容要点给他写一封150词左右的英文祝贺信。Main content:

1) congratulations;

2)the differences between college life and high school life

3)your suggestions on a good college life

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Why does the author mention electric eels?

A

To warn the reader to stay away from them

B

To compare their voltage to that used in houses

C

To give an example of a living electrical generator

D

To describe a new source of electrical power

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How many volts of electricity can an electric eel emit?

A

800

B

600

C

200

D

120

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It can be inferred from the passage that the longer an eel is the

A

more beneficial it will be to science

B

more powerful its electrical charge will be

C

easier it will be to find

D

tougher it will be to eat

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                                                                             Local Newspapers in Britain

【*】Britain has a large circulation(发行量) of the national newspapers. The daily Mirror and The Daily Express both sell
about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundas.
【*】Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits.
【*】Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local events-births, weddings,
deaths, council meetings, and sports. Editors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well, Clubs and
churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as
quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this week's edition, a news item can be held over until the following
week.
【*】The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this
reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items

 to attract local readers, the businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the

public eye.

【*】Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political
questions, But they can often provide service to the community in expressing public feeling on local issues, A newspaper
can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.
6

【单选】

Paragraph①_____

A

Keeping Good Relations with Local Businessmen

B

Service Provided by Local Newspapers

C

Large Circulation of the National Newspapers

D

Special Features of Local Newspapers

E

Power of Local Newspapers

F

Popularity of Local Newspapers

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