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在金融市场上，（   ）是商业银行等金融机构经常用来管理利率风险的金融衍生工具。

A

远期利率协议

B

远期外汇合约 

C

期货合约 

D

期权合约

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下列选项中（  ）不属于商业性金融机构。

A

开发银行

B

租赁公司

C

信托公司

D

商业银行

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下列选项中（   ）不属于完成融资交易需要经过的环节。

A

分析 

B

调查 

C

签约

D

谈判  

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                                                                        Soot(烟灰) and Snow: a Hot Combination

【*】New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions (释放) of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.

According to a computer simulation(模拟), black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over

the past century.

【*】Soot in the higher latitudes(纬度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun s energy and
warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight

【*】Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier,"said Dr.James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's

Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.

【*】Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo(反照率)( solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing

to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost(永冻层). Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.

【*】"Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more
than if there were no black carbon,"Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in
warming the world’s climate."This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide(二氧化碳) forcing of the same magnitude(量,大小),” Hansen noted.
【*】Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century.
【*】The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at
middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers' elimate model simulations, which
showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.
1

【单选】

Paragraph①_____

A

Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B

Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C

Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D

Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E

Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F

Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming

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Paragraph③_____

A

Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B

Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C

Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D

Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E

Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F

Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming

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                                                                          Computer Mouse

【*】The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screen, but the mouse still our workhorse.
【*】The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.
【*】How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light emitting diodes (LED)mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam get through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.
【*】So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.
1

【单选】

Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.（）

A

 True

B

False

C

Not Given

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Among all the computer pointing devices, touch screen is the most expensive one.（）

A

 True

B

False

C

Not Given

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                                                                          English and English Community

There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the ___1___ speech

community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who ___2___ in England. Their languages became more and more ___3___ to each other. Finally, the language

had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through

their shared languages.

Speech community is similar to other kinds of ___4___. The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who ___5___ the same language no matter where they happen to live.

We may say that anyone who speaks English ___6___ to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the

speakers learn English as a second language for the ___7___ of education, commerce, and so on.

English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for most nations in the world which employ it as an ___8___ second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international

diplomacy. Moreover, English is the ___9___ of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come

to rely ___10___ on an understanding of English.

A. international

B. native

C. speak

D. belongs

E. purpose

F. language

G. communities

H. settled

I. similar

J. same

K. heavily

L. largest

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                                                                                              Online Dating

Online dating is a dating system which allows people to make contact and communicate with Online each other over the

Internet, usually with the object of developing a ___11___ (romance) relationship. Online dating services usually provide

matchmaking over the Internet through the use of personal computers or cell phones

Online dating sites generally requires ___12___(apply) to provide personal information before they can search the

database for other individuals using criteria they set, such as age, gender, race religion and ___13___(locate). Most sites allow members to upload photos of themselves and browse those of others. Sites may offer ___14___ (addition) services,

such as online chatting, telephone chatting, and message boards.

Some sites provide free ___15___ (register), but may offer services which require a___16___ (month) pay. For example,

they may offer full access to profiles, but provide additional services to pay, such as ___17___ (place) users' profiles at the

top of the listing their profiles appear several times in different places in the search result and giving them a more ___18___ (advance) search engine to work with. In one real example, free users may only search for persons of ___19___ (specify)

age, gender and city, while subscribers may also search for such information as height, weight and interests. Other dating

sites depend on advertising for their income. In recent years such sites have become ___10___ (increase) popular.

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                                                                                        Electricity

The modern age is an age of electricity, People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight,

cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been

experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold

many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.

All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electron-cephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small-often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are

linked together, the effects can be astonishing.

The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the

water in which it lives. An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts )As many as four fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly

to the length of its body.

1

【单选】

What is the main idea of the passage?

A

Electric eels are potentially dangerous

B

Biology and electricity appear to be closely related

C

People would be at a loss without electricity

D

Scientists still have much to discover about electric

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